El alcohol es la bebida psicoactiva que ha estado presente por siglos en diversas culturas en todo el mundo. Se podría decir, que el alcohol está ligado a la misma historia del ser humano, y que muchos de los problemas, controversias, mitos, prejuicios, malentendidos e incomprensiones son el resultado del consumo del alcohol.
El alcoholismo se define como la dependencia física o emocional a la bebida. Y no existen síntomas precisos, pero si cambios notorios en el comportamiento de la persona. Quien lo padece tiene una necesidad de beber alcohol en cualquier momento y sin control, además pueden presentar desinterés por su salud y aspecto físico.
Las consecuencias del consumo nocivo de alcohol son alarmantes. Pueden ir desde hígado graso, disfunciones renales, hasta cirrosis hepática. Los daños a estos órganos en muchos casos pueden llegar a ser irreversibles.
Al año se producen 3 millones de muertes en el mundo debido al consumo del alcohol, lo que representa un 5,3% de todas las defunciones. Esto quiere decir, que 1 de cada 20 muertes son producidas por la misma causa y que más de las tres cuartas partes corresponden a hombres de entre 19 y 35 años, según un informe de la Organización Mundial de la salud.
Las familias y amigos, no suelen afrontar el problema como tal. A menudo culpabilizan a la persona o bien buscan como justificar su conducta. Estos comportamientos no ayudan a la persona en cuestión, si no, por el contrario, podrían agraviar su estado. Es por ello que a continuación te damos algunos consejos para ayudar a un alcohólico, tanto para hacerle ver su problema, como para ayudar en una solución efectiva.
- Su entorno debe reconocer el problema.
El primer paso es tener en cuenta que no debemos justificar o ignorar la conducta y el consumo excesivo del alcoholismo. Debemos tener bien claro, que quien lo padece, está desarrollando un trastorno o enfermedad (más que un vicio) que es peligroso y que tiene graves complicaciones a corto y largo plazo.
- Hablar del tema cuando no esté bajo los influjos del alcohol.
Para que el tema pueda llegar a tener un buen impacto en la persona, debemos tomar en cuenta, que esto se debe tomar con la seriedad que se requiere. De lo contrario, no tendrá el mismo efecto y muy probablemente su respuesta se torne agresiva o lo olvide fácilmente.
- Pregúntate que papel ejerces en su adicción.
Por lo general, cuando tratamos el tema de alcoholismo pensamos que el sujeto es aquel que tiene el problema o la enfermedad. Sin embargo, en ocasiones el mismo entorno propicia o facilita que la persona recurra al consumo. Es importante saber en qué posición estaremos ante la enfermedad, si del lado del facilitador o del que estará en su lado para combatirla.
- Acude con profesionales.
Es fundamental acudir con un profesional con el fin de tratar todos los elementos que condicionan y mantienen el consumo del alcohol. También es de vital importancia involucrarse y participar activamente en la terapia, de tal manera que puedas proporcionarle ayuda, en caso de que se requiera.
- Motívalo a que asista a grupos de apoyo.
La clave para que siga con su recuperación, es llevar un grupo de seguimiento que se encargue de fortalecer todo aquello que se obtuvo, a partir de un centro de rehabilitación o de Alcohólicos Anónimos, ambos asociaciones que fungen con el propósito de servir como grupo de apoyo de cara a resolver problemas de alcoholismo y generar una recuperación, a la par que permite que la persona se encuentre con otros casos que hayan pasado por la misma situación.
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