Los ataques de ansiedad y los sentimientos negativos que genera esta situación, trastornan nuestro bienestar y nos quitan tranquilidad y claridad de pensamiento.
Por ello el tema de la ansiedad y cómo nos impacta en la vida moderna, es una de las materias de estudio más recurrentes de las Neurociencias, entre ellas la Psicología y la Psiquiatría.
La definición del término, hecho por la Real Academia Española, apenas esboza los alcances que puede llegar a tener este trastorno si no se le controla adecuadamente: “Estado de agitación, inquietud o zozobra del ánimo”.
Al ser un padecimiento neurológico, quienes la han sufrido -o la sufren- saben que son varias las reacciones que se presentan y que trastocan su estabilidad emocional y su calidad de vida.
Entre ellas están los conocidos ataques de pánico, el llamado trastorno obsesivo compulsivo, las fobias sociales, el estrés postraumático y el estado mismo de ansiedad generalizada, entre otras irregularidades.
Medidas de control
Hay quienes solo se sienten ansiosos en situaciones esporádicas, bajo ciertas condiciones que escapan a su control, pero en la mayoría de los casos el paciente “convive” a duras penas con la ansiedad en su vida diaria. Por ello, en casos extremos, los psicólogos y especialistas tienen que “medicar” a las personas que no pueden llevar una vida normal a causa de la ansiedad.
Existen, sin embargo, algunas técnicas o medidas que se pueden poner en práctica para combatir sus nocivos efectos. Veamos algunas de ellas.
1. La actividad física.
Al igual que en la prevención y combate de muchos padecimientos físicos y emocionales, el ejercitar el cuerpo siempre es algo muy recomendado por los especialistas.
2. El sueño reparador.
En el caso de la ansiedad, el dormir bien ayuda a que el cerebro tenga más horas de sueño y descanso, lo que baja el ritmo del pensamiento obsesivo. Pero es común que la misma ansiedad no nos deje dormir como es recomendable. Una técnica sencilla es leer algo tan aburrido que el mismo cerebro preferirá “irse a descansar”.
3. El equilibrio alimenticio.
En el mismo sentido actúa la adecuada alimentación, pues una dieta desequilibrada es un factor que desencadena problemas gastrointestinales, que están asociados directamente con la presencia de ansiedad en el organismo.
4. La distracción y el engaño.
No es cosa de juego, es una técnica efectiva que recomienda la ciencia: si distraemos al pensamiento que nos genera ansiedad lo engañamos y nos deja de molestar. ¿Cómo? Con actividades de ocio que nos resultan placenteras, leer, pasear, contemplar la belleza de un atardecer, socializar… y así. Cada quien sabe lo que le gusta.
5. La medicación, si es necesaria.
Es posible siempre que la ansiedad esté ligada a un problema físico, pero cuando no es así y su origen es mental o emocional, entonces entra en acción el profesional de la psiquiatría. No es lo ideal pero si es necesario tendremos que tomar ansiolíticos prescritos por el terapeuta. Son medicamentos controlados que nos ayudan, pero no hay que abusar de ellos, mucho menos auto medicarnos solo porque nos lo recomendó un amigo, un vecino o un familiar.
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