Es muy probable que si escuchas la palabra “psicópata” tu mente te remita a la imagen cinematográfica de un peligroso asesino serial. Si bien algo puede haber que es correcto en esa idea macabra, lo cierto es que un psicópata es una persona que padece de un serio trastorno mental y que puede ser hombre o mujer.
Pero Hollywood también nos ha recetado el concepto de sociópata, una figura menos comprendida que también nos venden como asesino alterado o conflictivo en sus relaciones sociales. En este caso también hay claroscuros.
Lo importante de conocer las características de cada una de estas personalidades o perfiles psicológicos, es tener la certeza de que no convivimos con alguno en nuestra cotidiana intimidad de pareja, en la familia o en nuestros círculos sociales, donde podría haber alguien que encarna el lado más oscuro de la psicopatía o la sociopatía.
También es bueno saber que se trata de dos patologías diferentes, cada una con algunas similitudes y varias diferencias, y que es perfectamente posible que alguno de ellos interactúe muy cerca de nosotros.
Los psicópatas
Son manipuladores por naturaleza, pues así consiguen sus propósitos, fingiendo interés y preocupación por otra persona. Buscan relacionarse siempre con gente sumisa, para una manipulación menos complicada.
Carecen por completo de empatía. Se les dificulta acercarse a las personas o los animales, pues sus pensamientos se centran en sí mismos.
Es muy difícil que sientan culpa o arrepentimiento por sus acciones, pues carecen de una conciencia moral.
Se acercan a la gente pareciendo “encantadores” y esconden muy bien su falsedad. Son meticulosos, planificadores, inteligentes y tranquilos, por lo que suelen ocupar puestos de mando en sus trabajos.
Tienen problemas para establecer vínculos de largo plazo; por ello no tienen relaciones duraderas con sus parejas o su círculo de amigos.
Los sociópatas
Según la Psicología, una de las causas de su trastorno es que fueron educados de manera muy deficiente en su infancia (fueron niños “malcriados”).
Casi siempre son muy impulsivos en su comportamiento y se resisten a seguir las reglas que rigen el comportamiento social. Son contadas las personas con las que muestran cierto grado de empatía.
Difícilmente pasan desapercibidos, porque la sociedad los juzga como “raros”, no son muy dados a la planeación y por su naturaleza tienden a mantenerse ocultos del resto del mundo.
Una comparación
Los psicópatas, a diferencia de los sociópatas, son planificadores y no actúan por impulso. Definen estrategias y siempre tienen un “plan B”. Los sociópatas actúan por impulso y tienen altas probabilidades de fracasar en sus proyectos o tareas.
Los psicópatas pasan como personas “normales” y los sociópatas como los “raros” de la sociedad. Los psicópatas obedecen a causas de tipo biológico, mientras que los sociópatas a la deficiente formación educativa de sus padres o tutores. Ambos muestran rechazo hacia los valores y derechos de las personas, son capaces de dañar a quien se les oponga pero no son los criminales violentos que nos venden las películas.
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