El autismo no es una enfermedad, es un amplio conjunto de condiciones del neurodesarrollo que afecta el comportamiento, la interacción social y la flexibilidad del pensamiento, es una manera diferente de percibir los colores, las formas, los sonidos y de cómo interpretar las palabras.
Casi 1% de todos los niños en México, es decir 400,000 tiene autismo, según un estudio de prevalencia realizado por la Secretaría de Salud. Y según datos brindados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, (OMS) calcula que aproximadamente el 20% de los niños y adolescentes del mundo tienen trastornos o problemas mentales, y aproximadamente la mitad de éstos se manifiestan antes de los 14 años.
Aún no existe una causa aparente, pero se tiene la creencia de que existe un factor genético que está intrínsecamente asociado a un componente ambiental. Expertos hablan sobre un nuevo tratamiento terapéutico personalizado y especializado, que quienes lo manifiestan, han logrado con éxito tener una mejor calidad de vida.
En ocasiones no nos damos cuenta de las señales que nuestros propios hijos nos tratan de expresar. Es por eso que es tan importante identificar acciones y respuestas, que en resultado, nos ayudarán a conocer las señales de alerta:
- Desde sus primeros meses podemos identificar un balbuceo monótono o tardío y una evidente falta de contacto con su entorno.
- En sus primeros años, cuando comienza a tener más interacción con niños o personas en general, lo primera señal es que no sigue a la mamá en un intento de comunicación y puede entretenerse muy fácilmente con cualquier objetivo sin saber bien como funciona.
- En la etapa preescolar, le cuesta entablar una conversación y asumir el yo e identificar a los demás por sus nombres. No establece contacto alguno con los demás de ninguna forma.
- Los niños que presentan autismo pueden tener conductas agresivas, incluso para sí mismos.
- Una señal muy característica del autismo es la tendencia a llevar a cabo actividades de manera repetitiva, como por ejemplo, correr de un lado al otro sin sentido, dar vueltas, movimientos rítmicos con su cuerpo, etc.
- Los autistas con un alto nivel funcional pueden repetir los anuncios comerciales de la televisión o llevar a cabo rituales complejos al acostarse a dormir.
- En la adolescencia, se dice que 1/3 de los autistas suelen sufrir ataques epilépticos lo cual hace pensar en una causa de origen nervios.
- No juega ni socializa con los demás niños.
Si identificaste más de la mitad de las señales, es importante que un especialista lo analice y dictamine la condición. Es vital comprender los cambios del comportamiento, crisis y forma de comunicarse. Tener un hijo con autismo, no es el fin del mundo, a contrario, es una razón para levantarse todos los días y buscar transformar el entorno para mejorar su calidad de vida.
También puedes identificarlo mediante este filtro que ayuda a detectar si una persona presenta autismo.
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