La psicología ha ramificado sus campos de estudio a niveles inimaginables. Hoy en día existen un gran número de terapias psicológicas que pueden ayudar a las personas a superar sus problemas psicológicos. Mientras algunos psicólogos aún utilizan las prácticas antiguas o con un enfoque más estático; otros utilizan una mezcla de tratamientos psicológicos que satisfacen las necesidades de los pacientes.
Por lo regular, cuando nos mencionan a un psicólogo, se nos viene a la mente una persona que hace apuntes en una libreta, mientras que el paciente le cuenta sus problemas, en un sillón largo. Sin embargo, la psicoterapia no es sólo escuchar al paciente o darle un consejo. Más allá del estigma y el gran tabú que se tiene sobre las terapias, se trata de un profesional de la salud mental con una sólida formación teórica y práctica para dar tratamiento cognitivo (pensamiento), afectivo (emociones) y comportamental (conducta).
Te mostramos los tipos de terapia más eficaces que existen:
- Terapia cognitivo conductual.
Este tipo de terapia es de las más comunes que se utilizan actualmente. Se caracteriza porque te ayuda a tomar conciencia de pensamientos imprecisos o negativos, para que puedas sobrellevar situaciones fuertes con mayor claridad y responder a ellas, de forma más efectiva.
- Psicoanálisis.
Es una forma de tratamiento intensivo que se basa en la observación, el autoanálisis y trata de encontrar los factores que determinan las emociones y comportamientos que se realizan de forma inconsciente.
- Terapia Gestalt.
Esta terapia se basa en la relación terapéutica como principal herramienta de cambio. Se trata de que vivas una experiencia nueva, que ayuda al autoconocimiento y a redescubrir quien es, para continuar con su desarrollo y potenciar así, las actitudes que tenía interrumpidas.
- Terapia racional-emotiva.
La terapia trata de poner sobre la mesa las creencias irracionales, para asimilar las creencias qué si son efectivas, adaptativas y racionales, con el impacto positivo en la vida emocional, cognitiva y comportamental.
- Terapia neuropsicológica.
Esta terapia se encarga de examinar a personas de cualquier edad que presentan todo tipo de lesión cerebral o disfuncionamiento nervioso, traumatismo craneal, accidente vascular, Alzheimer y otros tipos de demencia, como también problemas con la orientación, memoria, lenguaje, etc.
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