Si eres de los que te dejas “apantallar” por la cantidad de megapixeles que tiene la cámara de tu teléfono celular, porque ello te hará un mejor fotógrafo, deberías saber que se trata de un mito y que una gran cantidad de megapixeles no necesariamente te garantizan fotos de mejor calidad.
La promesa de la mercadotecnia es que si compras un equipo con más megapixeles te vas a convertir en un gran fotógrafo, pero esto no es verdad necesariamente, pues obtener buenas fotos depende de otros factores que deberías conocer.
Para empezar, los megapixeles afectan la resolución de la imagen, no la calidad. La resolución es importante cuando amplías el tamaño de la foto para imprimirla. Las cámaras de los teléfonos son ideales para tomar fotos que van a publicarse en las redes sociales de Internet. Ahí el tamaño no importa, pero sí es factor cuando quieres ampliar la imagen sin perder nitidez; es cuando ves que “se pixelean” las fotos, porque su resolución no da para tanto.
Las fotos de calidad dependen más bien de algo que tienen muy claro los expertos en Óptica: lo que realmente importa es el tamaño del pixel y no su número. Este tamaño lo determina el sensor de la cámara, que es el que regula la cantidad de luz que recibe la cámara al momento de hacer click.
Parece un tema complicado, propio de expertos, pero la revista Scientific American lo explica de manera sencilla: “El tamaño del sensor de imagen es importante y, en general, cuanto más grande es el sensor, más grandes son sus pixeles. Y cuanto más grandes son los pixeles, más luz puede recoger la cámara”.
El tamaño importa
En pocas palabras, sin buena luz no hay buenas fotos. Esta verdad aplica desde siempre en la fotografía tradicional y eso no cambia en el mundo digital donde la cantidad de megapixeles parece ser lo más importante. Lo cierto es que cuanta mayor cantidad de luz pueda captar el sensor, mejores serán las imágenes.
¿Cómo medir y entender el tema de los sensores? ¿Cuál sensor es mejor? Normalmente el fabricante del celular especifica cuál es el tamaño del sensor de la cámara. Eso lo saben los conocedores, pero para los usuarios comunes el asunto “está en chino”, literalmente.
El problema es que los fabricantes definen los sensores usando cifras poco claras para los consumidores medios. Por ejemplo, ¿significa algo que el sensor del iPhone 8 es de 1/3″ o que el del Samsung Galaxy S9 sea de ½.6″?
En este ejemplo real, el caso del sensor del Samsung es ligeramente mejor que el de Apple. Tómalo en cuenta si de verdad quieres valorar el beneficio que te ofrece una cámara con muchos megapixeles o con un buen sensor.
Para entenderlo, hay que saber que en realidad esas cifras son una división, y que cuanto menor sea el divisor (3″ o 2.6″), más grande será el sensor y por lo tanto mucho mejor.
No olvides que una ley del marketing de los teléfonos celulares es hacerte creer que más megapíxeles te garantizan fotos de mayor calidad. Es un hecho comprobado que cada vez que Apple, Samsung o cualquier otra marca líder en el mercado lanza un nuevo celular, los usuarios se fijan en tres aspectos: el tamaño de la pantalla, la duración de la batería y sobre todo la cantidad de megapixeles de la cámara.
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