En el marco del Día Mundial Contra el Cáncer 2019, científicos del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN) anunciaron un descubrimiento trascendental y de beneficio inmediato para quienes se encuentran afectados por el dañino Virus del Papiloma Humano (VPH): lograron eliminarlo del cérvix uterino de 29 mujeres de la Ciudad de México, lo que abre la puerta para reducir los casos de muerte de cáncer cérvico uterino, padecimiento generado por el VPH.
Luego de una investigación de 20 años, a cargo de la científica Eva Ramón Gallegos, investigadora de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, se reveló que gracias a una terapia fotodinámica, una técnica no invasiva del organismo, ya es posible contar con un método para prevenir el cáncer causado por el VPH, que es la segunda causa de muerte en mujeres mexicanas.
La terapia también puede eliminar las lesiones premalignas de cáncer de cérvix en una etapa inicial, anunció la doctora Gallegos en un comunicado del IPN.
Reducirá el cáncer cérvico uterino
La científica detalló que la terapia, que no presenta efectos secundarios en las pacientes, consiste en aplicar un fármaco llamado Ácido Delta Aminolevulínico en el cuello del útero, que después de cuatro horas se transforma en una sustancia química que se acumula en las células dañadas, la cual permite eliminar con un rayo láser especial sólo las estructuras afectadas por el virus.
Esto significa que el tratamiento solo elimina las células dañadas y no incide sobre las estructuras sanas, a diferencia de los tratamientos usados hasta ahora en el mundo.
Es por eso que la terapia descubierta en México tiene un gran potencial para disminuir el índice de mortandad por cáncer cérvico uterino, explicó Eva Ramón Gallegos, quien destacó que estos resultados “abren la posibilidad de hacer más eficaz el tratamiento, al usar el esquema que se adapte mejor a la situación de las pacientes”.
El equipo de científicos
La noticia fortalece a nivel internacional el trabajo de investigación científica desarrollado por el IPN. Para lograr este resultado, la doctora Eva Ramón Gallegos lideró un equipo de científicos mexicanos conformado por las doctoras recién graduadas Elizabeth Maldonado Alvarado y María Teresa López Cárdenas; el maestro Alejandro Martínez Escobar, que alcanzó su maestría por el proyecto; Araceli Espinosa Montesinos, especialista en Ginecología del Hospital Regional Ignacio Zaragoza del ISSSTE; Adriana Jiménez Hernández, en trabajo posdoctoral por parte del Conacyt; Martha Olivia Osorio Peralta, citóloga del Instituto Estatal de Cancerología de Guerrero; Alejandra Moreno Vázquez, especialista en patología del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI del IMSS, y Lydia Alejandra Martínez Guzmán, jefa del Laboratorio de Captura de Híbridos de la Secretaría de Salud de la CDMX.
Así se contagia el VPH
El Virus del Papiloma Humano es una infección de transmisión sexual. Es tan común que casi todas las personas (hombres y mujeres) sexualmente activas lo tienen o lo contraerán en algún momento de su vida, según una tendencia.
Existen diversos tipos de VPH; algunos de ellos no son peligrosos, pero otros pueden causar problemas de salud como verrugas en los genitales e inclusive cánceres. Los tipos de VPH que causan verrugas genitales no son los mismos que provocan el cáncer, ni son los mismos responsables del herpes.
La principal causa de contagio es una relación sexual, pero también existen otras formas de adquirirlo, como por ejemplo durante el parto se puede transmitir de madre a hijo.
Actualmente se estima que 8 de cada 10 personas son portadoras del virus, tanto hombres como mujeres y ambos pueden desarrollar las verrugas o el cáncer. Es un virus tan agresivo que incluso con el uso de preservativos existe el riesgo de contraerlo.
Consejos para protegerse
Existe una vacuna para prevenir su contagio, que ha demostrado ser segura y eficaz. Se recomienda aplicarla a menores entre los 11 y 12 años de edad, lo mismo que a personas que ya presentan la infección, para reducir la aparición de nuevos cuadros. Los doctores también recomiendan llevar una buena alimentación y especialmente consumir vitaminas C, E y D, que son buenas para que las células infectadas con el virus no se repliquen. Se aconseja igualmente consumir ajo, ya que contiene un compuesto que inhibe la replicación viral e impide que las células infectadas con el virus del papiloma proliferen.
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